艾问每日人物音频第1018期

喜马拉雅FM/36氪/ 爱音斯坦FM/凤凰FM

蜻蜓FM/网易云音乐/十点读书/酷狗音乐/荔枝FM

欢迎来到本期艾问人物！

“如果地上有一张100美元的钞票，我肯定不会去捡，因为我花1秒钟弯下腰捡钱时的损失远远超过了100美元！”

比尔·盖茨说的这句话，和王健林的1亿小目标异曲同工，让大众嗅到点富翁的傲慢，但对于盖茨而言，他的确有足够的资本。

2016年，盖茨的个人财富达到了900亿美元，超越了世界上162个国家及地区的GDP。

在《福布斯》的全球富豪排行榜上，比尔·盖茨曾19次夺魁，这些成绩，全球几乎无人可敌。

外媒CNBC曾报道，考虑当今财富的增长速度，未来25年内，届时86岁的微软创始人比尔·盖茨最有可能成为首个净资产达万亿美元的富豪。

美国的一项统计：世界上80%的企业只能维持一代人，剩下的20%中，又只有13%能传到第二代。也就是说，能传到第三代的企业，也不过7%。

简言之，只有少数金字塔尖的人才能让财富持续增长。

有研究发现，自2009年以来，盖茨的财富平均每年增长11%，微软更是一直保持良性发展，比尔盖茨的财富能如此超长待机，究竟有什么秘密？

</p><p line="925a"><span style="font-size: 15px;"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="3182168" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2273978" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2242200" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2179955" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="1853085" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="53" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/wJnBYia4zBXYjGeMq4MKzBicJphFwiaAsq8iaspgwaHyQ1d7gEdBW9f6EsC9HmfcoO3klsyfFRNwzmZX4txOGdqyicA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="53" data-ratio="0.09447674418604651" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1376" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 562px !important;" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/4a2e79da4ba4f5b491acb2b2a04da122.png"/></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(232, 10, 77);"><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">出发原点</span></strong></span><br/></p><p line="8175"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">比尔·盖茨1955年出生于美国西雅图。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">童年时比尔·盖茨看起来怯懦，不善与人相处，整日书不离手。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">到了初中，他迷上了数学和编程，那时，保罗·艾伦是他最好的同学，两个人都喜欢计算机，经常在一起研究、讨论计算机，甚至比赛编程。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">对电脑着迷的盖茨，在掌握了包括FORTRAN和LISP在内的很多编程语言后，承接了为湖畔中学编写学生座次排序软件这个项目，他在编程过程中偷偷地加进一些指令，使自己成为班上几乎唯一一个周围坐满了女生的男孩。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">盖茨和艾伦这对好朋友在不断的磨砺中很快成为非常出色的程序员，1971年二人就被信息科学公司招入麾下去用 COBOL 为公司编写工资单项目，那时，盖茨才16岁。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1975年，22岁的保罗·艾伦发现了一篇文章——世界第一台微机Altair 8800的报道。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">他告诉盖茨，他产生了一个想法：为Altair 8800开发与之相匹配的BASIC编程语言。并劝说盖茨一起完成这个想法。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">同年，20岁的盖茨从哈佛辍学，与艾伦联合创办了微软。</span></section><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span><img data-backh="373" data-backw="578" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="578" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="369" data-ratio="0.6459459459459459" data-type="jpeg" data-w="740" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/c738d6b243001f4af88c0f14df9d9693.jpeg"/><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1980年微软与IBM 在计算机<a class="relation-object tag" data-ticket="30d23ef4f49e85f37f54786ff984032c" data-type="tag" href="javascript:void(0);">操作系统</a>上达成合作，为其即将推出的 IBM PC Model 5150家用电脑开发了一个<a class="relation-object tag" data-ticket="30d23ef4f49e85f37f54786ff984032c" data-type="tag" href="javascript:void(0);">操作系统</a>，这次合作，让当时名不见经传的微软成了一家家喻户晓的大公司。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1983年，微软的营收超过5500万美元。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="3182196" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2981112" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-left: 5px solid rgb(237, 45, 99);border-top: 5px solid rgb(232, 48, 100);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin-top: -2.25em;margin-left: 5px;padding-top: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1985年，微软开发了Windows V1.0系统，斥资超200亿美元。尽管这款产品以如今的视角来看差强人意，但微软在这款系统的基础之上不断开发新系统：Windows 1.0、Windows2.0、Windows 95、Windows 98、Windows ME、Windows XP、Windows Vista、Windows 7、Windows 10……</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">就这样，微软一步步走上了桌面操作系统的王者之路，也铺就了比尔盖茨的财富之路。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1986年微软成功上市，盖茨持有1114万股，占总股本的44.8%，保罗·艾伦15%。按照每股28美元的价格计算，盖茨持有市值3.1亿美元的微软股票，占据其总财富的99%。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">微软公司上市之后，市值节节增高，超越波音、IBM，接着又超过三大汽车公司市值总和，直至突破5000亿大关超越通用电器（GE），成为<a class="relation-object tag" data-ticket="625aa4be6a93076a793ff8551286fbc4" data-type="tag" href="javascript:void(0);">全球市场</a>价值最高的公司，年营业额超过世界前五十名软件企业中其他49家的总和。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1995年，盖茨成为全球首富，Office也在这年进入中国市场，快速实现垄断，在随后20多年里占据了90%以上的市场份额。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">如今，全球有15亿人使用Windows系统，微软的市值已超1.5万亿美元。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">不过，即使微软市值很高，但在盖茨的财富中占比很小，2016年，微软股份在盖茨900亿美元个人财富中的占比不足1/8。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">早在2000年，盖茨就让出了第一把交椅，把微软 CEO 的职位移交给好友鲍尔默，自己则退居首席软件架构师，专心开发产品。而他在微软的持股也越来越少。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">2008年，盖茨宣布从微软退休，仅保留董事席位。他投身慈善事业，关心起疫苗、厕所和核电站。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">尽管在微软持股递减，在慈善事业上投入了数百亿美金，盖茨的财富还是在稳步增长。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">他到底在靠什么赚钱？投资。</span></p><p line="f059"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="3182168" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2273978" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2242200" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2179955" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="1853085" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="53" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/wJnBYia4zBXYjGeMq4MKzBicJphFwiaAsq8iaspgwaHyQ1d7gEdBW9f6EsC9HmfcoO3klsyfFRNwzmZX4txOGdqyicA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="53" data-ratio="0.09447674418604651" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1376" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 562px !important;" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/4a2e79da4ba4f5b491acb2b2a04da122.png"/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(232, 10, 77);"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;">资本复利</span></strong></span></section><p><span style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">对于企业，做你擅长的，擅长你所做的。业务放在你的优势上，并且放大拉长优势，成功就在苦难后。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">1994年，比尔·盖茨创立了家族办公室——瀑布投资。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">那时比尔·盖茨身价虽然只有50亿美元，但他聘请了投资高手拉尔森来管理资产，30多年过去，他身价翻了20多倍，如今的千亿身家多是拉尔森通过投资赚来的。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">拉尔森是如何做到的？</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span><img data-backh="357" data-backw="562" data-ratio="0.6351118760757315" data-type="png" data-w="581" height="auto" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" width="581" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/525e5f782bcc581c9e6ed5bc48846883.png"/><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;">（迈克尔·拉尔森）</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">他采取了多元化的投资组合方案。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">为避免盖茨的财富过度集中在微软，拉尔森将钱放在了不同的篮子里，分散投资在科技行业以外，每季度减持微软公司股票所获得的现金，大部分被转移到瀑布投资进行管理，避免对家族主业（科技行业）过高的风险敞口。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">这一点，国内的<a class="relation-object org" data-ticket="34564285867c00fdb2c93130081699b5" data-type="org" href="/data/org/34564285867c00fdb2c93130081699b5" target="_blank">联想集团</a>也有学习借鉴，四年前联想成立了专门的创投公司，投资聚焦在智能互联网、<a class="relation-object tag" data-ticket="3d13e1c086cc2bde080a9fdd36076454" data-type="tag" href="javascript:void(0);">物联网</a>、边缘计算、云、大数据和人工智能，以这五项核心技术赋能智慧城市，智慧医疗，智慧教育等各行各业，分散了投资的风险。其4年多来投了差不多130多家企业，孵化了不少优秀企业，上市被投企业将超过10家。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;"> </span></p><section data-tools="新媒体排版" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243);box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 1px 1px 2px;border-left: 10px solid rgb(233, 233, 233);line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;">当然，瀑布投资的投资组合更加多元，其中包括美国短期国债、通货膨胀保值债券（TIPS）、美国常规公司债券、少部分的垃圾债券、外国国债以及住房抵押贷款支持证券（MBS）、新兴国家债券、PE基金、与微软无相关性、甚至于科技股反周期的股票组成（能源、食品等）、实物资产组成（石油、房地产等）。</span><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;">此外，拉尔森还将资金分配给多家外部基金。</span></span></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;">他使盖茨持有微软的股份由45%直降为1%。</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;">通过投资赚取了数百亿美金。</span><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">多年来，拉尔森将100亿美元的资金分配给约25家外部基金，一方面成功掩饰了比尔·盖茨的投资去向，另一方面则像<a class="relation-object item" data-ticket="e7fac516ff31c2a434407e03dee2b57e" data-type="item" href="/data/item/e7fac516ff31c2a434407e03dee2b57e" target="_blank">八爪鱼</a>一样，四面八方伸出自己的投资触角。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">正因为拉尔森有超高的财富管理能力，尽管盖茨在微软的占股比例逐年下降，盖茨的个人身家却不断上涨。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">对于拉尔森，盖茨显然是很感激的。</span></p><p line="cda0"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">有一次盖茨的家宴，盖茨对来宾提出的唯一请求，是让他们统一穿上粉红色T恤——那是拉尔森最喜欢的颜色。</span></p><p><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span></p><p line="736b"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="3182168" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2273978" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2242200" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2179955" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="1853085" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="53" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/wJnBYia4zBXYjGeMq4MKzBicJphFwiaAsq8iaspgwaHyQ1d7gEdBW9f6EsC9HmfcoO3klsyfFRNwzmZX4txOGdqyicA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="53" data-ratio="0.09447674418604651" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1376" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 562px !important;" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/4a2e79da4ba4f5b491acb2b2a04da122.png"/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(232, 10, 77);"><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;">献身慈善</span></strong></span><br/></section><p line="0df7"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span></p><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span>如果只用财富衡量成功，比尔·盖茨无疑是十分成功的，但在《</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">走进比尔：解码比尔·盖茨》</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">这个纪录片里，我们看到，比尔·盖茨投入了大量资金、精力，献身于慈善事业，实际上却不那么成功。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span><br/></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="266" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.459375" data-s="300,640" data-type="gif" data-w="640" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/6abb3db83d769e50853fd8917b09d1f0.gif"/></p><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/><br/></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span>早在 1994 年，盖茨就用一部分微软股票创办了「威廉·H·盖茨基金会」，由他父亲威廉·盖茨代为管理。</span></section><section><span style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;"><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">而在 2000 年，盖茨又和他的老婆梅琳达一起，把盖茨基金会升级成了「比尔与梅琳达盖茨基金会」。</span></section><section><span style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;"><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">“背靠首富好开张”，新盖茨基金会光是启动资金就有 50 亿美元（</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">334 亿人民币</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;"> ）。</span></section><p><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;"><br/></span></span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">等到 2013 年的时候，盖茨基金会的可用资金达到了 346 亿美元（约2311 亿人民币），成为了名副其实的全球第一慈善基金。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">截至去年，盖茨基金会已经累计在全球捐出去了 538 亿美元（约3594 亿人民币），其中发展项目占比 45%，健康项目占比 29% 。</span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span><img data-backh="286" data-backw="530" data-ratio="0.539622641509434" data-type="jpeg" data-w="530" height="auto" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" width="530" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/f102a235e7d572c269c2d160c8cacaf2.jpeg"/><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"> (来源：比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会)</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">比如：</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><br/></span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">2005年1月25日给予全球疫苗与免疫联盟7.5亿美元的捐赠；</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><br/></span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">2003年12月9日，给予PATH的儿童疫苗计划2700万元的捐赠，用于对Japanese encephalitis的免疫工作；</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><br/></span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">2000年10月捐赠2.1亿美元以帮助留学生就读英国剑桥大学，每年约100名学生获得基金会的资助；</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">2004年为印度洋大地震灾难受害者捐赠300万美元；</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">每年对在美国国外，利用创新的项目让大众免费使用资讯科技的公立图书馆或类似的机构给予最高100万美元的奖励……</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">尽管盖茨为慈善事业付出了很多金钱和努力，但他同样也饱受争议。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">世界卫生组织曾认为盖茨基金会在疟疾研究上的影响力过于强大，消减了他们的政策制定能力，让科学多样性趋于停滞。曾经开放研究成果的科学家出于基金会的财政激励制度而封闭起来，紧紧保护自己的研究，独立的研究提议评论变得越来越困难。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">《刺针》杂志上的一篇文章也曾批评，盖茨基金会强大的影响力扭曲了全球卫生议程，比如把巨量资金重点放在疟疾领域，而其他疾病导致了对人类更多的伤害，这导致了对政界人士、决策者和卫生工作者的破坏性的倒错激励，大量顶尖人力被吸往盖茨基金会的疟疾专案，吸走了其他医学领域的人力。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">除了专家的批评，盖茨还要面对自己的无力。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">为消灭脊髓灰质炎，盖茨基金会投入几十亿美元，但过程十分艰难，遇到过病情反反复复、恐怖分子炸死疫苗接种者等等问题，由于高昂开支，他甚至不得不向好友巴菲特求助……</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">2015年，比尔·盖茨和中国展开了改造核能项目的合作，但其后美国政府取消了协议，合作戛然而止。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">盖茨曾发起了厕所革命，但价格昂贵，一直未能普及……</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">令人扼腕的是，盖茨对慈善的投入是改善了很多穷人、孩子的命运和生活，但就整体而言，非拉等部分地区深植于根的贫穷、疾病等问题依旧无法解决，研究改造能源却受到政治的影响，即使拥有巨额财富，有些难题也无法攻克，盖茨追求的性别平等，众生平等其实是一种美好的希望，至于真正实现，需要时间。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">拉丁美洲最富有的商人卡洛斯·斯利姆·赫鲁曾说过：</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">贫困问题是无法靠慈善捐助来解决的，而是要靠商业。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></section><p><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;"><br/></span></span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);">纵观盖茨的首富之路，他或许不是最强的程序员，也不是最强的投资者，也不是慈善事业做得最好的，但他却能吸引到这些最顶尖的人才，为他所用，为他创造财富，为他的慈善事业助力，从另一种角度看，他能持续传承财富就来自于对人才的管理能力。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></section><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="3182209" data-style-type="" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.408px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2965903" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-right: 5px solid rgb(237, 45, 99);border-top: 5px solid rgb(232, 48, 100);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin-top: -2.25em;margin-right: 5px;padding-top: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);letter-spacing: 0.408px;font-size: 15px;">《艾问人物》（iask-media.com）认为：如果他卖的不是软件而是汉堡，他也会成为世界汉堡大王。换句话说，并不是微软成就了比尔 ·盖茨，而是其商业天赋成就了这个世上最富有的人。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"/></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"> </span></section><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">参考：</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Engadget，《比尔 · 盖茨离开微软董事会，未来将专注在慈善事业上》</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><a class="relation-object item" data-ticket="8ff18e20e4420144d18c185eccc24e73" data-type="item" href="/data/item/8ff18e20e4420144d18c185eccc24e73" target="_blank">极客公园</a>，《比尔·盖茨与他的「厕所革命」》</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">《了不起的比尔·盖茨》华商韬略</span></p><p><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;">‍</span></p><p line="150d"><br/></p><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 15px;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;border-radius: 100%;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);line-height: 2.5em;font-size: 14px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(46, 44, 44);"><p style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">END</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;"><br/></p></section></section></section><blockquote style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.75em;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：浅溪</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.75em;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杨洁琳</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.75em;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(76, 76, 76);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;">图编：万姗红</span></section></blockquote><p><br/></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box !important;"/></section><section data-style-type="undefined" data-id="3182168" data-tools="新媒体排版" style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-id="2273978" data-tools="新媒体排版" style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-style-type="5" data-id="2242200" data-tools="新媒体排版" 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Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="3574298" data-style-type="undefined" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.408px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="新媒体管家" style="max-width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content: space-between;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-ratio="0.47680412371134023" data-type="gif" data-w="388" style="pointer-events: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: 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border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-ratio="0.49577464788732395" data-type="gif" data-w="355" style="pointer-events: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 40px !important;" src="https://img.jinglingshuju.com/news-image/d0917ec4567a2408989680b5e9c7c25d.gif"/></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "PingFang SC", 微软雅黑, mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.56px;font-weight: 600;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;min-width: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word 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比尔·盖茨如何赚了一千亿美金？| 艾问人物